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Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure {purestevil}release

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Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure: Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy



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Author(s) : Debbie Stokes
Publisher : Wiley
Date : 2009
Pages : 234
Format : PDF
ISBN-10 : 0470065400



Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a technique of major importance and is widely used throughout the scientific and technological communities. The modern SEM is capable of resolution on the order of a few Angstroms (i.e. sub-nanometer), subject to the limits of electron-specimen interactions. However, for a long time it has been apparent that the high vacuum SEM needed to develop in respects other than increased resolution. Hence the advent of SEMs that utilise a gas for image formation while simultaneously providing charge stabilisation for electrically non-conductive specimens and/or a suitable environment for materials and experiments involving water.

This text outlines the principles and applications in a generic way, applicable to readers familiar with any of the types of VP-ESEM on the market, irrespective of manufactur

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